Mediocalcar bifolium is a low-growing, creeping miniature orchid from the misty mountain forests of New Guinea. Its characteristic features are tiny, rounded pseudobulbs, which—hence the name—usually bear two short, linear leaves and grow together to form dense mats. The flowers are small (about 1 cm), fleshy, and urn- to tubular in shape; their colors vary from yellow to orange-red, depending on the clone, with a usually lighter-colored mouth. This species prefers semi-shaded conditions, consistently high humidity, and steady, but very well-drained moisture. Optimal conditions include temperate cultivation with cool nights, ample air circulation, and a moist, mossy substrate (fine bark substrate with sphagnum moss) or as an epiphyte. Regular, light applications of fertilizer during active growth promote a dense, carpet-like habit. The main flowering period often falls during the cooler months (roughly winter to spring), but individual flowers may appear over a longer period. M. bifolium does not require a pronounced resting period; slight drying between waterings is sufficient.